UMUTWE WA 1: Incamake
1.1 Intangiriro
Urunigi rukonje rwibikoresho ni umurima wihariye uhitamo ibicuruzwa biguma mubushyuhe bwihariye murwego rwo gutanga umusaruro. Iyi nzira igaburira ibyiciro bitandukanye, harimo gutunganya mbere, kubika, gutwara, gutunganya, gutunganya, kugurisha, no gutanga. Urufatiro rwarwo ruri imbere muri siyansi igezweho, cyane cyane ikoranabuhanga. Ibikoresho bikonje bisaba ibikoresho byihariye nkibikoresho byububiko bikonje, ibinyabiziga bikonje, nibikoresho byizewe kugirango ubushyuhe bukwiye.
Inganda zirangwa no kuzenguruka cyane kubera guhora ari ngombwa gukomeza imiterere yubushyuhe bwihariye. Kwinjiza ubuhinzi, inganda, na serivisi, ibikoresho bikonje ni sisitemu igoye cyane kugirango itange uruniko rutanga umusaruro, cyane cyane kubicuruzwa byangirika nkibiryo hamwe na farumasi. Hamwe no kwiyongera kwisi yose kurinda ibiryo nubuziranenge, akamaro kayo gukomeza gukura.
1.2 Ibyiciro
Ibikoresho bikonje birashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bine byingenzi bishingiye ku bwoko bwibicuruzwa byakorewe:
- Ibicuruzwa byibanze by'ubuhinzi:
- Imbuto n'imboga
- Ibicuruzwa
- Ibicuruzwa byo mu mazi
- Ibicuruzwa bitwara imiti:
- Imiti
- Inkingo
- Ibinyabuzima
- Ibikoresho byo kwa muganga
- Ibiryo byatunganijwe:
- Ibyokurya bya Frozen
- Ibicuruzwa by'amata
- Ibiryo byateguwe
- Amafunguro Yatetse Yatetse
- Ibicuruzwa by'inganda:
- Ibikoresho by'ibiti by'ibiti
- Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki
- Irangi n'amakoti
- Reberi yinganda
- Ibikoresho by'ubwumvikane
1.3 inganda
Ubushinwa bukonje bwa porogaramu yinzego zabonye iterambere ryihuse mumyaka yashize. Ubushishozi bwisoko bwiyongereye, hamwe namasosiyete 100 ya mbere afata umugabane ukura. Muri 2020, aya masosiyete yabazwe arenga 18% yinjiza yinjira, agaragaza ko ihinduka rigana muburyo bwuruganda rukora inganda.
Ariko, ugereranije n'amasoko akuze nka Amerika, Ubushinwa bwakozwe bukomeje kuba hasi. Gushyigikira leta ikomeye no kuzamuka kw'abaguzi birukanye iterambere, basunika ingano y'isoko muri miliyari 418.4 muri Miliyari 421, hamwe n'ibiteganijwe kugera kuri miliyari 937.1.
Igice cya 2: Urunigi rwinganda, Ingendo zubucuruzi, na Amabwiriza ya Politiki
2.1 Urunigi
Inganda zikonje zitegura ibice bitatu byingenzi:
- Hejuru: Abatanga Ibikorwa Remezo, harimo nububiko bukonje hamwe nabatanga ibicuruzwa bikonjesha.
- Midstream: Urunigi rukonje rwa interineti batanga serivisi ukoresheje ikoranabuhanga rihanitse kubikorwa byubaka.
- Kumanura: Abakoresha - abakoresha nka supermarkets, ibitaro, nanga bisabwa ibisubizo bikonje.
2.2 INGINGO Z'UBUCURUZI
Urunigi rukonje rukora ruyobowe na moderi zitandukanye zubucuruzi, harimo:
- Ububiko bushingiye: Abatanga nkinzoga ikonje yibanda kubisubizo byo kubika.
- Gutwara abantu: Ibigo nka logistique ya Shuanghui kabuhariwe mubukonje bukonje.
- Gutanga-kwibanda: Ibigo nka Beijing Kuaihang Tanga ibirometero bisanzwe.
- Byuzuye: Abatanga nk'Abashinwa Bacuruzi Meilin Logistics Ububiko, Ubwikorezi, no gutanga.
- E-Ubucuruzi: Urubuga nka SF urunigi rukonje rukorera abakiriya bose bataziguye nabandi.
2.3 Gutezimbere ikoranabuhanga
Iterambere ryikoranabuhanga ningirakamaro kugirango ririnde urunigi. INYANDIKO Z'INGENZI ZISHYIZWEHO:
- Iot kubijyanye no gukurikirana ubushyuhe nyabwo
- AI yo kubungabunga no munzira
- Ububiko bwikora
2.4 Inkunga ya politiki
Politiki ya leta ifite uruhare runini mu guhindura inganda. Ibikorwa byingenzi birimo:
- Kubaka urunigi rwibikoresho byigihugu hubs
- Gushyikiriza Ibikorwa Remezo
- Guteza imbere ibikorwa bibi kandi birambye
Igice cya 3: Imari, ibyago, hamwe nisesengura irushanwa
3.1 Isesengura ry'imari
Ibikoresho byubukonje nibishishwa byingenzi, bisaba ishoramari ryinshi mubikorwa remezo. Ubuzima bwimari burashobora gusuzumwa hakoreshejwe mertics nkinyungu rusange margin, umutungo, hamwe no gusesengura amafaranga. Uburyo bwo kugereranya nka DCF (yagabanijwe amafaranga) na P / e (igiciro-cyinjiza) mubisanzwe bikoreshwa.
3.2 Abashoferi bo gukura
Abashoferi bakomeye barimo:
- Kuzamuka bisaba ibiryo bishya kandi byiza
- Kwagura imirenge ya farumasi n'inzego z'ubuzima
- Gushyigikira Politiki ya Guverinoma
- Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga
3.3 Isesengura ry'ingaruka
Ingaruka zirimo:
- Ibiciro byo gukora cyane no kubungabunga
- Ubusumbane bw'akarere mu bikorwa remezo
- Urunigi rukonje rukonje mu buhinzi
3.4 Ahantu nyaburanga
Isoko rikomeje gucamo ibice, hamwe nubushobozi bukomeye bwo gukura kubakinnyi bakuru. Abanywanyi bakomeye barimo SF Express, JD logistics, na CJ Rokin.
Igice cya 4: Ibizaza
Isoko ryiminyururu yubushinwa ryiteguye gukura vuba, ziyobowe na:
- Gukomeza guhanga udushya twikoranabuhanga
- Kwagura imijyi no mu rwego rwo hagati
- Inkunga ya politiki yongerewe
- Gushimangira gushimangira birambye no kurengera ibidukikije
https://www.21jingji.com/article/20204030/Habf8d3D058e28E2899C873c.html
Igihe cyohereza: Nov-15-2024