Umufuka-na-Ubwato-Kubaho-Ifi

Ⅰ.Ibibazo byo Gutwara Amafi mazima

1. Kugaburira cyane no kubura uko ibintu bimeze
Mu gihe cyo gutwara, imyanda myinshi isohoka mu kintu cy’amafi (harimo n’imifuka ya ogisijeni), niko metabolite yangirika, ikoresha ogisijeni nyinshi kandi ikarekura imyuka myinshi ya dioxyde de carbone.Ibi byangiza ubwiza bwamazi kandi bigabanya umuvuduko wamafi atwarwa.

2. Amazi meza meza na Oxygene idashonga idahagije
Ni ngombwa kubungabunga amazi meza mbere yo kugurisha amafi.Urwego rwinshi rwa azote ya ammonia na nitrite rushobora gushyira amafi mubihe bibi byuburozi, kandi guhangayikishwa na net bikabije.Amafi yahuye n’ibura rya ogisijeni kandi agaragara mu kirere bizatwara iminsi myinshi kugira ngo akire, bityo birabujijwe kuroba amafi yo kugurisha nyuma yibi bintu.
Amafi mumunezero mwinshi kubera guhangayika neti akoresha ogisijeni inshuro 3-5.Iyo amazi afite ogisijeni ihagije, amafi akomeza gutuza kandi akoresha ogisijeni nkeya.Ibinyuranye, ogisijeni idahagije itera guhagarika umutima, kunanirwa vuba, no gupfa.Mugihe uhitamo amafi mu kato cyangwa inshundura, irinde ubucucike bwinshi kugirango wirinde kubura ogisijeni.
Ubushyuhe bwo mumazi bugabanya ibikorwa byamafi nibisabwa na ogisijeni, kugabanya metabolisme no kongera umutekano wubwikorezi.Nyamara, amafi ntashobora kwihanganira ihinduka rikabije ryubushyuhe;itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe ntirishobora kurenga 5 ° C mu isaha imwe.Mu gihe cyizuba, koresha urubura gake mumamodoka atwara hanyuma wongereho nyuma yo gupakira amafi kugirango wirinde itandukaniro rikomeye ryubushyuhe namazi yicyuzi kandi wirinde gukonja cyane.Ibintu nkibi birashobora gutera impagarara cyangwa gutinda gupfa mumafi.

3. Indwara ya Gill na Parasite
Parasite kuri gilles irashobora kwangiza ingirangingo no kwandura bagiteri ya kabiri, bigatera indwara ya gill.Guterana no kuva amaraso muri gill filaments bibuza gutembera kwamaraso, bigatera ibibazo byubuhumekero no kongera guhumeka.Kumara igihe kirekire bishobora guca intege urukuta rwa capillary, biganisha ku gutwika, hyperplasia, no guhindura inkoni isa na fayili ya gill.Ibi bigabanya ubuso bugereranije bwa gilles, bikagabanya guhura namazi no kubangamira imikorere yubuhumekero, bigatuma amafi ashobora kwibasirwa na hypoxia hamwe nihungabana mugihe cyo gutwara intera ndende.
Gill nayo ikora nk'ingingo zingenzi zisohoka.Indwara ya Gill tissue ibuza gusohoka kwa ammoniya azote, kongera urugero rwa azote amoniya azote kandi bikagira ingaruka kumikorere ya osmotic.Mugihe cyo kurushundura, amaraso atemba yihuta, umuvuduko wamaraso urazamuka, kandi capillary permeability itera imitsi cyangwa kuva amaraso.Indwara zikomeye zishobora kuvamo fin, inda, cyangwa sisitemu no kuva amaraso.Indwara ya Gill n'umwijima ihungabanya uburyo bwo kugenzura umuvuduko wa osmotic, gucika intege cyangwa gutunganya imikorere yimitsi ya mucus, biganisha ku gutakaza bikabije cyangwa urugero.

4. Ubwiza bw'amazi adakwiye n'ubushyuhe
Amazi yo gutwara agomba kuba meza, hamwe na ogisijeni ihagije ihagije, ibinyabuzima bike, hamwe nubushyuhe buke.Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwamazi bwongera metabolisme y amafi hamwe na karuboni ya dioxyde de carbone, biganisha ku kutamenya no gupfa ahantu hamwe.
Amafi ahora arekura karuboni ya dioxyde na ammonia mumazi mugihe cyo gutwara, kwangiza amazi.Ingamba zo guhana amazi zirashobora gukomeza ubwiza bwamazi.
Ubushyuhe bwiza bwo gutwara amazi buri hagati ya 6 ° C na 25 ° C, ubushyuhe burenga 30 ° C bikaba biteje akaga.Ubushyuhe bwo mu mazi bwongera amafi guhumeka no gukoresha ogisijeni, bikabuza gutwara intera ndende.Urubura rushobora guhindura ubushyuhe bwamazi mugihe cyubushyuhe bwo hejuru.Ubwikorezi bwimpeshyi nibizuba bigomba kuba nijoro kugirango wirinde ubushyuhe bwo ku manywa.

5. Ubwinshi bw'amafi mugihe cyo gutwara

Amafi Yiteguye Isoko:
Ubwinshi bw'amafi atwarwa bigira ingaruka ku buryo bushya.Mubisanzwe, mugihe cyo gutwara amasaha 2-3, urashobora gutwara ibiro 700-800 byamafi kuri metero kibe yamazi.Mugihe cyamasaha 3-5, urashobora gutwara ibiro 500-600 byamafi kuri metero kibe yamazi.Mugihe cyamasaha 5-7, ubushobozi bwo gutwara ni kilo 400-500 y amafi kuri metero kibe yamazi.

Ifi Fry:
Kubera ko ifi y amafi ikeneye gukomeza gukura, ubwinshi bwubwikorezi bugomba kuba hasi cyane.Ku mafi y’amafi, urashobora gutwara miriyoni 8-10 kuri metero kibe yamazi.Ku ifiriti ntoya, ubushobozi busanzwe ni 500.000-800.000 ifiriti kuri metero kibe y'amazi.Ku ifiriti nini, urashobora gutwara ibiro 200-300 by'amafi kuri metero kibe y'amazi.

Ⅱ.Uburyo bwo Gutwara Amafi Live

Iyo gutwara amafi mazima, uburyo butandukanye burashobora gukoreshwa kugirango ubuzima bwabo bubeho neza.Hano hari uburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bwo gutwara amafi nzima:

2.1 Amakamyo mazima
Izi ni imodoka zidasanzwe zitwara gari ya moshi zikoreshwa mu gutwara ifi n’amafi mazima.Ikamyo ifite ibigega by'amazi, gutera amazi n'ibikoresho byo kuhira, hamwe na sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza pompe y'amazi.Ubu buryo bwinjiza ogisijeni mu mazi binyuze mu bitonyanga by’amazi bikorana n’umwuka, bikongera ubuzima bw’amafi mazima.Ikamyo kandi igaragaramo ibyuma bihumeka, amadirishya ya louver, hamwe n’itanura rishyushya, ku buryo bikwiriye gutwara intera ndende.

2.2 Uburyo bwo Gutwara Amazi
Ibi birimo uburyo bwo gutwara no gufunga.Ibikoresho byo gutwara bifunze ni bito mubunini ariko bifite ubwinshi bwamafi kuri buri gice cyamazi.Ariko, niba hari umwuka cyangwa amazi yatembye, birashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kubuzima.Ubwikorezi bwuguruye butuma buri gihe hakurikiranwa ibikorwa byamafi, bigakoresha amazi menshi, kandi bifite ubwinshi bwubwikorezi ugereranije nubwikorezi bufunze.

2.3 Uburyo bwo gutwara Oxygene ya Nylon
Ubu buryo burakwiriye gutwara intera ndende y'ibicuruzwa byo mu mazi bifite agaciro kanini.Bikunze kugaragara cyane gukoresha imifuka ibiri ya plastike nylon yuzuye ogisijeni.Umubare w'amafi, amazi, na ogisijeni ni 1: 1: 4, hamwe no kubaho hejuru ya 80%.

2.4 Ubwikorezi bwuzuye ogisijeni
Ukoresheje imifuka ya pulasitike ikozwe mubikoresho bya firime polyethylene yumuvuduko mwinshi, ubu buryo nibyiza mugutwara ifi y amafi n amafi yingimbi.Menya neza ko imifuka ya pulasitike itangiritse kandi ikanabura umwuka mbere yo kuyikoresha.Nyuma yo kongeramo amazi n amafi, uzuza imifuka na ogisijeni, hanyuma ufunge buri gice cyihariye kugirango wirinde amazi numwuka.

2.5 Ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere gifunze (Oxygene)
Ubu buryo bwo gufunga igice butanga umwuka wa ogisijeni uhagije kugirango wongere igihe cyo kuroba.

2.6
Mu rugendo rurerure, amafi azakenera ogisijeni.Amapompo yikwirakwizwa hamwe namabuye yo mu kirere arashobora gukoreshwa muguhindura amazi no gutanga ogisijeni.

Buri buryo bugira umwihariko wabwo, kandi guhitamo biterwa nintera yo gutwara, amoko y amafi, hamwe nibikoresho bihari.Kurugero, amakamyo y amafi mazima hamwe nuburyo bwo gutwara amazi birakwiriye gutwara intera ndende, nini nini yo gutwara, mugihe ubwikorezi bwuzuye imifuka bwuzuye ogisijeni hamwe nuburyo bwo gutwara ogisijeni ya nylon bikwiranye no gutwara ibintu bito cyangwa bigufi.Guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo gutwara abantu ningirakamaro kugirango amafi abeho neza kandi neza.

Ⅲ.Uburyo bwo gupakira uburyo bwo gutanga amafi nzima

Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwiza bwo gupakira uburyo bwo gutanga amafi nzima ni uguhuza agasanduku k'ikarito, agasanduku k'ifuro, firigo, igikapu kitagira amazi, igikapu cy'amafi kizima, amazi, na ogisijeni.Dore uko buri kintu kigira uruhare mu gupakira:

- Agasanduku k'ikarito: Koresha imbaraga-ndende-eshanu zometseho ikarito yikarito kugirango urinde ibirimo guhungabana no kwangirika mugihe cyo gutwara.
- Umufuka wa Fish Live na Oxygene: Umufuka wamafi muzima, wuzuye ogisijeni, utanga ibyangombwa nkenerwa kugirango amafi abeho.
- Agasanduku k'ifuro na firigo: Agasanduku k'ifuro, hamwe na firigo, bigenzura neza ubushyuhe bwamazi.Ibi bigabanya metabolisme y amafi kandi bikababuza gupfa kubera ubushyuhe bwinshi.

Ibi bipfunyika byemeza ko amafi mazima afite ibidukikije bihamye kandi bikwiye mugihe cyo gutambuka, bityo bikongerera amahirwe yo kubaho.

Ⅳ.Ibicuruzwa bya Huizhou nibyifuzo byawe

Shanghai Huizhou Industrial Co., Ltd. ni uruganda rukora tekinoroji mu nganda zikonje, rwashinzwe ku ya 19 Mata 2011. Isosiyete yiyemeje gutanga ibisubizo by’ubukonje bw’umwuga bikemura ibibazo by’ibiribwa n’ibicuruzwa bishya (imbuto n'imboga mbisi) , inyama zinka, intama, inkoko, ibiribwa byo mu nyanja, ibiryo bikonje, ibicuruzwa bitetse, amata akonje) hamwe nabakiriya ba farumasi ikonje (biopharmaceuticals, ibikomoka ku maraso, inkingo, ingero z’ibinyabuzima, muri reagente de vitro, ubuzima bw’inyamaswa).Ibicuruzwa byacu birimo ibicuruzwa byabigenewe (agasanduku k'ifuro, agasanduku k'ibisumizi, imifuka yo kubika) hamwe na firigo (paki, urubura).