Icyiciro cyo Guhindura Icyiciro, PCMs nubwoko bwihariye bwibintu bishobora gukurura cyangwa kurekura ingufu nyinshi zumuriro mubushyuhe bwihariye, mugihe bigenda bihinduka mumiterere yibintu, nko kuva mubintu bikomeye bikajya mumazi cyangwa nibindi.Uyu mutungo utuma ibyiciro bihindura ibikoresho bifite agaciro gakomeye mugukoresha ubushyuhe, kubika ingufu, hamwe nubutaka bwo gucunga ubushyuhe.Ibikurikira nisesengura rirambuye ryibikoresho byo guhindura ibyiciro:
umutungo kamere
Ibyingenzi biranga ibikoresho byo guhindura ibyiciro nubushobozi bwo gukurura cyangwa kurekura ubushyuhe bwinshi bwihishwa kubushyuhe bwagenwe (ubushyuhe bwimpinduka).Muburyo bwo kwinjiza ubushyuhe, ibikoresho bihinduka kuva murwego rumwe bijya mubindi, nko kuva bikomeye kugeza mumazi (gushonga).Mugihe cya exothermic process, ibintu bihinduka biva mumazi bihinduka bikomeye (solidification).Iki cyiciro cyinzibacyuho gikunze kugaragara mubushyuhe buke cyane, bigatuma ibikoresho byo guhindura ibyiciro bigira ubushyuhe bwiza bwubushyuhe hafi yubushyuhe burigihe.
Ubwoko bukuru
Ibikoresho byo guhindura ibyiciro birashobora gushyirwa mubyiciro bikurikira ukurikije imiterere yimiti nimirima ikoreshwa:
1. PCMs kama: harimo paraffine na aside irike.Ibi bikoresho bifite imiti ihamye, yongeye gukoreshwa, hamwe nubushyuhe bukwiye bwubushyuhe bwinzibacyuho.
2. PCM idasanzwe: harimo ibisubizo bya saline hamwe nibyuma.Ubushyuhe bwumuriro busanzwe buruta PCMs, ariko barashobora guhura nibibazo byo gutandukana no kwangirika.
3. PCMs ibogamye: Ubu ni ubwoko bugaragara bwa PCM buturuka ku binyabuzima karemano kandi bifite ibidukikije kandi birambye.
Agace
Ibikoresho byo guhindura ibyiciro bikoreshwa cyane mubice byinshi, cyane cyane harimo:
1. Kubaka ingufu zingirakamaro: Muguhuza PCM mubikoresho byubwubatsi nkurukuta, amagorofa, cyangwa igisenge, ubushyuhe bwo murugo burashobora gutegekwa neza, bikagabanya gukoresha ingufu zoguhumeka no gushyushya.
2. Kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi: PCM irashobora gukurura ubushyuhe ku bushyuhe bwinshi no kurekura ubushyuhe ku bushyuhe buke, bifasha mu guhuza ingufu zitangwa n'ibisabwa, cyane cyane mu gukoresha ingufu zishobora kubaho nk'ingufu z'izuba n'umuyaga.
3. Gucunga neza ibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike: Gukoresha PCM mubikoresho bya elegitoronike birashobora gufasha gucunga ubushyuhe butangwa mugihe gikora, kunoza imikorere, no kongera igihe cyibikoresho.
4. Gutwara no gupakira: Gukoresha PCM mu biribwa no gutwara imiti birashobora kugumana ibicuruzwa mubihe byubushyuhe bukwiye kandi bikareba ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa.
Ibibazo bya tekiniki
Nubwo ibyiza byingenzi byibikoresho byo guhindura ibyiciro, baracyafite ibibazo bya tekiniki mubikorwa bifatika, nkigihe cyo kubaho, ubushyuhe bwumuriro, hamwe no gukenera gupakira no guhuza ikoranabuhanga.Izi mbogamizi zigomba kuneshwa hifashishijwe iterambere ryibikoresho siyanse nubuhanga bwubuhanga.
Ibikoresho byo guhindura ibyiciro biteganijwe cyane mubice byingufu zicyatsi nikoranabuhanga rirambye bitewe nubushuhe budasanzwe bwumuriro hamwe nuburyo bugari bwo gukoresha.
Iterambere ry'ejo hazaza rya PCMs
Gukoresha ibikoresho byo guhindura ibyiciro (PCMs) mubikorwa byinshi byerekana ko bifite ubushobozi bwagutse kandi busobanutse neza byiterambere.Ibi bikoresho bihabwa agaciro cyane kubushobozi bwabo bwo gukuramo no kurekura ubushyuhe bwinshi mugihe cyinzibacyuho.Ibikurikira nibice byinshi byingenzi hamwe niterambere ryigihe kizaza cyibikoresho byo guhindura ibyiciro:
1. Gukoresha ingufu nubwubatsi
Mu rwego rwubwubatsi, PCMs irashobora gukoreshwa nkigice cya sisitemu yo kugenzura ubushyuhe bwubwenge kugirango igabanye gushingira ku bushyuhe gakondo no guhumeka.Muguhuza PCM mubikoresho byubwubatsi nkurukuta, ibisenge, hasi, cyangwa amadirishya, imikorere yubushyuhe bwinyubako irashobora kunozwa cyane, gukoresha ingufu birashobora kugabanuka, kandi ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bishobora kugabanuka.Mugihe kizaza, hamwe niterambere ryibikoresho bishya kandi byiza byo guhindura ibyiciro no kugabanya ibiciro, iyi porogaramu irashobora kwaguka cyane.
2. Sisitemu y'ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa
Muri sisitemu y’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa nkingufu zizuba n umuyaga, PCMs irashobora kuba itangazamakuru ryo kubika ingufu kugirango rihuze itangwa nibisabwa.Kurugero, ingufu zumuriro zitangwa na sisitemu yo gusarura ingufu zizuba kumanywa irashobora kubikwa muri PCM hanyuma ikarekurwa nijoro cyangwa mugihe gikenewe cyane.Ibi bifasha kunoza imikoreshereze yingufu no gukomeza gutanga ingufu.
3. Kugenzura ubushyuhe bwibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki
Mugihe ibikoresho bya elegitoronike bigenda byiyongera kandi bigakora cyane, gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe byabaye ikibazo gikomeye.PCMs irashobora gukoreshwa mubicuruzwa bya elegitoronike nkibikoresho bya mudasobwa nibikoresho bigendanwa kugirango bifashe gucunga imizigo yubushyuhe, kongera igihe cyibikoresho, no kunoza imikorere.
4. Imyenda n'imyenda
Gukoresha PCM mu myenda nabyo byerekana amahirwe yo kwaguka.PCM yinjiye mumyenda irashobora kugenga ubushyuhe bwumubiri wuwambaye, kunoza ihumure, no guhangana nikirere gikabije.Kurugero, imyenda ya siporo nibikoresho byo hanze birashobora gukoresha ibi bikoresho kugirango ubushyuhe bwumubiri butajegajega.
5. Ubuvuzi
Mu rwego rwubuvuzi, PCMs irashobora gukoreshwa muguhashya ubushyuhe bwibicuruzwa byubuvuzi nkibiyobyabwenge ninkingo, bigahagarara neza kandi neza mugihe cyo gutwara no kubika.Mubyongeyeho, PCM nayo ikoreshwa mubicuruzwa bivura, nk'imyambarire igenzurwa n'ubushyuhe bwo kuvura umubiri.
6. Ubwikorezi
Mu gutwara ibiryo n’imiti, PCM irashobora gukoreshwa mukubungabunga ibicuruzwa mubipimo byubushyuhe bukwiye, cyane cyane mubihe bisaba ibikoresho bikonje.
Ibibazo bizaza hamwe nicyerekezo cyiterambere:
Nubwo PCM ifite amahirwe menshi yo gukoreshwa, iracyafite imbogamizi mubikorwa byinshi byubucuruzi, nkigiciro, isuzuma ry’ingaruka ku bidukikije, umutekano urambye, hamwe n’ibibazo bihuza.Ubushakashatsi bw'ejo hazaza buzibanda ku guteza imbere imikorere myiza, yangiza ibidukikije, kandi ihendutse PCMs, ndetse no kunoza uburyo bwo guhuza sisitemu zihari.
Byongeye kandi, hamwe n’uko isi igenda ikenera kubungabunga ingufu, kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, n’iterambere rirambye, ubushakashatsi no gushyira mu bikorwa ibikoresho bihindura ibyiciro biteganijwe ko bizaterwa inkunga n’amafaranga kandi bikita ku isoko, biteza imbere iterambere ryihuse n’udushya tw’ikoranabuhanga bijyanye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-28-2024