Houcheng, 59, akeneye umwanya wo kwerekana ubushobozi bwa Hema kuri Liu Qiangdong, Zhang Yong, na Jack Ma.
Vuba aha, isubikwa rya Hema ritunguranye rya IPO ya Hong Kong ryiyongereyeho isoko ku bicuruzwa byo mu gihugu imbere.Mu myaka yashize, isoko rya supermarket ya interineti mu Bushinwa ryabaye munsi y’igicu, aho amakuru yo kutavugururwa, gufunga amaduka, n’igihombo yakunze kwibasira itangazamakuru, bigatuma abantu bumva ko abaguzi bo mu gihugu badafite amafaranga yo gukoresha.Bamwe ndetse barasetsa ngo ba nyiri supermarket bagifungura imiryango babikora babitewe nurukundo.
Nyamara, amaduka manini yabaturage yasanze imishinga yo mumasoko yo mumahanga nka ALDI, Sam's Club, na Costco ikomeje gufungura amaduka mashya.Kurugero, ALDI yafunguye amaduka arenga 50 muri Shanghai wenyine mumyaka ine gusa kuva yinjira mubushinwa.Muri ubwo buryo, Sam's Club irihutisha gahunda yayo yo gufungura amaduka mashya 6-7 buri mwaka, yinjira mu mijyi nka Kunshan, Dongguan, Jiaxing, Shaoxing, Jinan, Wenzhou, na Jinjiang.
Kwaguka kwinshi kwa supermarket zamahanga mumasoko atandukanye yubushinwa bitandukanye cyane no gufunga amaduka ahoraho.Urutonde rwibigo bya supermarket byaho nka BBK, Yonghui, Lianhua, Wumart, CR Vanguard, RT-Mart, Jiajia Yue, Renrenle, Zhongbai, na Hongqi Chain byihutirwa gushakisha uburyo bushya bwo kwigana no gukomeza iterambere ryabo.Nyamara, urebye kwisi yose, moderi yubuhanga ikwiranye nubushinwa bukoresha ibidukikije ni gake, Hema ikaba imwe mubidasanzwe.
Bitandukanye na Walmart, Carrefour, Sam's Club, Costco, cyangwa ALDI, icyitegererezo cya Hema "haba mububiko no kugemura murugo" gishobora kuba kibereye supermarket zaho kwigana no guhanga udushya.N'ubundi kandi, Walmart, yashinze imizi mu isoko rya interineti mu Bushinwa mu myaka irenga 20, na ALDI, imaze kwinjira ku isoko ry’Ubushinwa, bombi babona ko “gutanga amazu” ari byo byibandaho ejo hazaza.
01 Kuki Hema ifite agaciro ka miliyari 10 z'amadolari?
Kuva yashyiraho ingengabihe y'urutonde muri Gicurasi kugeza isubitswe ritunguranye muri Nzeri, Hema yakomeje gufungura amaduka no kwihutisha iterambere rya sisitemu yo gutanga ibicuruzwa.Urutonde rwa Hema rutegerejwe cyane, ariko nkurikije amakuru atandukanye, isubikwa rishobora guterwa nigiciro cyacyo kitageze kubyo byari byitezwe.Ibiganiro bya mbere bya Alibaba n’abashoramari bashobora kugereranya agaciro ka Hema hafi miliyari 4 z'amadolari, mu gihe intego ya IPO yo guha agaciro IPO kuri Hema yari miliyari 10.
Agaciro nyako ka Hema ntabwo yibandwaho hano, ariko uburyo bwo kugemura murugo bukwiye kwitabwaho na buri wese.Amaduka yabaturage yemeza ko Hema asa nuruvange rwa Meituan, Dada, na Sam's Club.Mu yandi magambo, umutungo wa Hema ufite agaciro ntabwo ari ububiko bwawo 337 ahubwo ni sisitemu yibicuruzwa hamwe namakuru yimikorere yibikorwa byo gutanga murugo.
Ibicuruzwa byimbere-Impera
Hema ntabwo ifite porogaramu yigenga yonyine ahubwo ifite n'amaduka yemewe kuri Taobao, Tmall, Alipay, na Ele.me, igice cyose cyibinyabuzima cya Alibaba.Byongeye kandi, ifite ubufasha bwibintu biva muri porogaramu nka Xiaohongshu na Amap, bikubiyemo ibintu byinshi by’umuguzi mwinshi.
Bitewe nuko ihari kuri porogaramu nyinshi zitandukanye, Hema yishimira umuhanda utagereranywa hamwe namakuru yamakuru aruta umunywanyi wese wa supermarket, harimo Walmart, Metro, na Costco.Kurugero, Taobao na Alipay buriwese afite miriyoni 800 zabakoresha buri kwezi (MAU), mugihe Ele.me ifite miliyoni zirenga 70.
Kugeza muri Werurwe 2022, porogaramu ya Hema yari ifite miliyoni zisaga 27 MAU.Ugereranije na Sam's Club, Costco, na Yonghui, bigikeneye guhindura abasura amaduka kubakoresha porogaramu, pisine isanzwe ya Hema irahagije kugirango ishyigikire amaduka arenga 300.
Hema ntabwo ari nyinshi mu muhanda gusa ahubwo ikungahaye ku makuru.Ifite uburyo bwinshi bwibicuruzwa byatoranijwe hamwe namakuru yo gukoresha muri Taobao na Ele.me, hamwe namakuru menshi yo gusuzuma ibicuruzwa byaturutse kuri Xiaohongshu na Weibo, hamwe namakuru yuzuye yo kwishura yatanzwe na Alipay akubiyemo ibintu bitandukanye byo kuri interineti.
Hema hamwe naya makuru, Hema irashobora kumva neza ubushobozi bwo gukoresha buri muturage.Iyi nyungu yamakuru iha Hema ikizere cyo gukodesha ububiko mu turere tw’ubucuruzi dukuze ku bukode inshuro nyinshi kurenza igiciro cy’isoko.
Usibye urujya n'uruza rw'amakuru, Hema yishimira kandi abakoresha cyane.Kugeza ubu, Hema ifite abakoresha miliyoni zirenga 60 biyandikishije, hamwe na miliyoni 27 za MAU, gukomera kwayo kurenza urubuga ruzwi nka Xiaohongshu na Bilibili.
Niba traffic na data aribyo shingiro rya Hema, tekinoroji iri inyuma yizi moderi iragaragara cyane.Muri 2019, Hema yerekanye kumugaragaro sisitemu yayo yo kugurisha ReX, ishobora kugaragara nkumugongo uhuriweho nicyitegererezo cya Hema, ikubiyemo ibikorwa byububiko, sisitemu zabanyamuryango, ibikoresho, hamwe n’ibikoresho bitanga isoko.
Ubunararibonye bwabaguzi ba Hema, harimo ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, kugemura igihe, na serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha, akenshi birashimwa, igice bitewe na sisitemu ya ReX.Nk’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ibigo by’ubucuruzi, amaduka manini ya Hema arashobora gukora ibicuruzwa birenga 10,000 buri munsi mugihe cyo kuzamurwa mu ntera, amasaha yo hejuru arenga 2500 ku isaha.Kugirango wuzuze iminota 30-60 yo gutanga, ububiko bwa Hema bugomba kurangiza gutoranya no gupakira muminota 10-15 hanyuma bigatanga muminota 15-30 isigaye.
Kugirango ukomeze gukora neza, kubara-igihe nyacyo cyo kubara, sisitemu yo kuzuza, igishushanyo mbonera cy’imijyi, no guhuza ububiko n’ibikoresho by’abandi bantu bisaba kwerekana imiterere nini na algorithm igoye, bisa nibiboneka muri Meituan, Dada, na Dmall.
Amaduka yabaturage yizera ko mugucuruza amazu, usibye traffic, data, na algorithms, ubushobozi bwo guhitamo abacuruzi nibyingenzi.Amaduka atandukanye ajyanye n’imibare itandukanye y’abaguzi, kandi ibyo abaguzi bakeneye buri gihe biratandukana.Kubwibyo, niba urwego rwumucuruzi rutanga isoko rushobora gushyigikira guhitamo ibicuruzwa byingirakamaro ni urwego rwibanze rwamaduka manini agamije kuba indashyikirwa mugutanga urugo.
Guhitamo no gutanga Urunigi
Sam's Club na Costco bamaranye imyaka bubahiriza ubushobozi bwabo bwo guhitamo, kandi Hema imaze imyaka irindwi itunganya ibyayo.Hema akurikirana sisitemu yabaguzi isa na Sam's Club na Costco, igamije gukurikirana urwego rwogutanga isoko kuva inkomoko yabyo, kuva mubikoresho fatizo kugeza kubikorwa, gukora inkuru zidasanzwe zo gutandukanya ibicuruzwa.
Hema ibanza kwerekana ahakorerwa umusaruro kuri buri gicuruzwa, igereranya abatanga ibicuruzwa, ikanahitamo ibikoresho byiza byo mu rwego rwo hejuru hamwe n’uruganda rukwiye rwa OEM.Hema itanga uruganda inzira zisanzwe, ibishushanyo mbonera, hamwe nurutonde rwibigize, kwemeza ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge.Nyuma yumusaruro, ibicuruzwa bikorerwa igeragezwa ryimbere, kugurisha indege, nibitekerezo mbere yo kugabanwa kububiko mugihugu hose.
Ku ikubitiro, Hema yahanganye n’amasoko ataziguye ariko amaherezo yaje kubona injyana yayo mu gusezerana mu buryo butaziguye no gushinga ibirindiro, ashinga “Imidugudu ya Hema” 185 ahantu hatandukanye, harimo umudugudu wa Danba Bako muri Sichuan, Umudugudu wa Xiachabu muri Hubei, Umudugudu wa Dalinzhai muri Hebei, n’umudugudu wa Gashora mu Rwanda. , gutanga ibicuruzwa 699.
Ugereranije na Sam's Club hamwe na Costco ku masoko yo kugura amasoko ku isi, gahunda ya Hema "Hema Village" itanga urunigi rukomeye rwo gutanga amasoko, bitanga inyungu zikomeye kandi zitandukanye.
Ikoranabuhanga no gukora neza
Sisitemu yo kugurisha ya Reema ya Hema ihuza sisitemu nyinshi, zirimo ibikorwa byububiko, abanyamuryango, ibikoresho, hamwe n’ibikoresho bitanga isoko, bizamura imikorere muri rusange.Kurugero, mugihe cyo kuzamurwa kwinshi, amaduka manini ya Hema arashobora gukora ibicuruzwa birenga 10,000 kumunsi, amasaha yo hejuru arenga 2500 kumasaha.Kuzuza ibipimo byiminota 30-60 bisaba gucunga neza igihe nyacyo cyo kubara, sisitemu yo kuzuza, guhuza umujyi wose, no guhuza ibikorwa byabandi bantu, bishyigikiwe na algorithm.
Ibipimo byo Gutanga Murugo
Amaduka 138 ya Hema akora nkibikoresho byububiko byububiko, bitanga 6.000-8,000 SKUs kububiko, hamwe na SKUs 1.000 yiyita, bigizwe na 20% byuzuye.Abakiriya muri kilometero 3 za radiyo barashobora kwishimira gutanga iminota 30 kubuntu.Amaduka akuze, akora mumyaka irenga 1.5, impuzandengo ya 1200 kumurongo wa buri munsi, kugurisha kumurongo bitanga 60% byinjiza byose.Impuzandengo yo gutumiza ni hafi 100, amafaranga yinjiza buri munsi arenga 800.000, agera ku bicuruzwa inshuro eshatu ugereranije n’amaduka manini gakondo.
02 Kuki Hema ariwe munywanyi wenyine mumaso ya Walmart?
Perezida wa Walmart mu Bushinwa akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru, Zhu Xiaojing, yavuze imbere ko Hema ari we wenyine uhanganye na Sam's Club mu Bushinwa.Ku bijyanye no gufungura amaduka agaragara, Hema rwose asigaye inyuma ya Sam's Club, imaze imyaka isaga 40 ikora ifite amaduka arenga 800 ku isi, harimo 40 arenga 40 mu Bushinwa.Hema, ifite amaduka 337, harimo amaduka 9 gusa yabanyamuryango ba Hema X, bigaragara ko ari make ugereranije.
Ariko, mugutanga murugo, ikinyuranyo hagati ya Sam's Club na Hema ntabwo gikomeye.Club ya Sam's yinjiye mu rugo mu mwaka wa 2010, nyuma yimyaka ine yinjiye mu Bushinwa, ariko kubera ingeso z’abaguzi zidakuze, serivisi yahagaritswe bucece nyuma y’amezi make.Kuva icyo gihe, Sam's Club yagiye ihindura uburyo bwo gutanga imuhira.
Muri 2017, yifashishije imiyoboro y’ububiko n’ububiko bw’imbere (ububiko bw’ibicu), Club ya Sam yatangije “Express Delivery Service” i Shenzhen, Beijing, na Shanghai, byihutisha iterambere ry’itangwa ry’ingo.Kugeza ubu, Sam's Club ikora urusobe rwububiko bwibicu, buri kimwe gishyigikira itangwa ryihuse mumujyi wacyo, hamwe nububiko bwibicu bugera kuri 500 mugihugu hose, bugera kumurongo mwinshi kandi neza.
Moderi yubucuruzi ya Sam's Club, ihuza amaduka manini nububiko bwibicu, itanga uburyo bwihuse bwo kwishyira hamwe no kwishyira hamwe, biganisha ku bisubizo bitangaje: ibicuruzwa birenga 1.000 bya buri munsi kuri buri bubiko, hamwe n’ububiko bwa Shanghai bugereranya ibicuruzwa birenga 3.000 bya buri munsi kandi impuzandengo y'ibicuruzwa irenga 200.Iyi mikorere ishyira Sam's Club nk'umuyobozi mu nganda.
03 Yonghui Kwanga Kugurisha JD
Nubwo Yonghui atigeze ashishikazwa n'abayobozi ba Walmart, imbaraga zayo mu gutanga urugo ziruta bagenzi babo, bikaba urugero rwiza.
Yonghui ahagarariye amateka ya supermarket gakondo zUbushinwa, ni urugero rwiza rwumushinga wa supermarket waho wateye imbere nubwo habaye amarushanwa y'ibihangange byo mumahanga.Kimwe n'ibihangange bya supermarket zo mu mahanga, Yonghui yakiriye neza imbuga za interineti no gutanga imuhira, aba umuyobozi mubucuruzi bwa supermarket zaho.
Nubwo hari ibibazo byinshi hamwe nigeragezwa ryikosa, Yonghui abaye umuyobozi wa supermarket gakondo mu gihugu mugutanga amazu, hamwe nububiko bwa e-bucuruzi burenga 940 hamwe n’amafaranga yinjira mu rugo arenga miliyari 10.
Ububiko bwa E-Ubucuruzi ninjiza
Kuva muri Kanama 2023, Yonghui akora ububiko bwa e-bucuruzi 940, harimo ububiko bwuzuye 135 (bukubiyemo imigi 15), ububiko bwa kimwe cya kabiri (bukubiyemo imigi 33), ububiko 652 bwahurijwe hamwe (bukubiyemo imigi 181), hamwe n’ububiko 22 bwa satelite (bukubiyemo Chongqing, Fuzhou, na Beijing).Muri byo, hejuru ya 100 ni ububiko bunini bw'imbere bwa metero kare 800-1000.
Mu gice cya mbere cy'umwaka wa 2023, Yonghui yinjije mu bucuruzi ku rubuga rwa interineti yageze kuri miliyari 7.92 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda, bingana na 18.7% by'amafaranga yinjije yose, biteganijwe ko amafaranga yinjira mu mwaka arenga miliyari 16.Yonghui yikorera ku giti cye ubucuruzi bwo gutanga amazu bukubiyemo amaduka 946, yinjiza miliyari 4.06 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda mu kugurisha, ugereranyije ugereranyije 295.000 ku munsi kandi buri kwezi ugura 48.9%.Igice cyacyo cya gatatu cyubucuruzi butanga amazu gikubiyemo amaduka 922, yinjiza miliyari 3.86 zamafaranga yagurishijwe, kwiyongera 10.9% umwaka ushize, ugereranije nimpuzandengo ya 197.000.
Nubwo byagenze neza, Yonghui yabuze amakuru menshi y’abaguzi y’ibidukikije bya Alibaba cyangwa Walmart ku isi hose itanga amasoko, bigatuma habaho gusubira inyuma.Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, yakoresheje ubufatanye na JD Daojia na Meituan kugira ngo igere kuri miliyari 10 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda mu 2020.
Urugendo rwa Yonghui mu gutanga urugo rwatangiye muri Gicurasi 2013 hatangizwa umuyoboro w’ubucuruzi wa “Half the Sky” ku rubuga rwawo, mu ntangiriro ugarukira kuri Fuzhou no gutanga amafunguro y'ibiryo.Uku kugerageza hakiri kare byananiranye kubera uburambe bwabakoresha hamwe namahitamo make yo gutanga.
Muri Mutarama 2014, Yonghui yashyize ahagaragara “Yonghui Weidian App” yo gutumiza kuri interineti no gutwara imodoka kuri interineti, ku ikubitiro biboneka mu maduka umunani i Fuzhou.Muri 2015, Yonghui yatangije “Yonghui Life App,” itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi byihuta kandi byihuse byihuta byabaguzi hamwe na serivisi zitangwa byihuse, byujujwe na JD Daojia.
Muri 2018, Yonghui yakiriye ishoramari muri JD na Tencent, akora ubufatanye bwimbitse mu muhanda, kwamamaza, kwishyura, no gutanga ibikoresho.Muri Gicurasi 2018, Yonghui yatangije “ububiko bwa satelite” bwa mbere i Fuzhou, atanga iminota 30 mu kirometero 3.
Muri 2018, ivugurura ryimbere rya Yonghui ryagabanyije ubucuruzi bwarwo kumurongo muri Yonghui Cloud Creation, ryibanda kumiterere mishya, hamwe na Supermarket ya Yonghui, yibanda kumiterere gakondo.Nubwo byagaragaye mbere, Yonghui yagurishije kuri interineti yiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara, agera kuri miliyari 7.3 muri 2017, miliyari 16.8 muri 2018, na miliyari 35.1 muri 2019.
Muri 2020, Yonghui yagurishije kuri interineti yageze kuri miliyari 10.45 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda, yiyongereyeho 198% umwaka ushize, bingana na 10% by'amafaranga yinjiza yose.Mu 2021, kugurisha kumurongo byageze kuri miliyari 13.13 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda, byiyongereyeho 25,6%, bingana na 14.42% byinjira byose.Mu 2022, kugurisha kumurongo byiyongereye kugera kuri miliyari 15.936 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda, byiyongeraho 21.37%, ugereranije na 518.000 byateganijwe buri munsi.
N'ubwo ibyo bimaze kugerwaho, Yonghui yahuye n’igihombo kinini kubera ishoramari ryinshi mu bubiko bw’imbere ndetse n’ingaruka z’icyorezo, bigatuma igihombo cya miliyari 3.944 mu 2021 na miliyari 2.763 mu 2022.
Umwanzuro
Nubwo Yonghui ahura n’ibibazo byinshi kurusha Hema na Sam's Club, imbaraga zayo mugutanga imuhira zageze ku isoko.Mugihe gucuruza ako kanya bikomeje kwiyongera, Yonghui afite amahirwe yo kungukirwa niyi nzira.Umuyobozi mushya Li Songfeng yamaze kugera kuri KPI ye ya mbere, ahindura igihombo cya Yonghui 2023 H1 mu nyungu.
Kimwe n'umuyobozi mukuru wa Hema, Hou Yi, Li Songfeng wahoze ari umuyobozi wa JD afite intego yo kuyobora Yonghui ku isoko ryo kugurisha ako kanya, birashoboka ko byatangiza inkuru nshya mu nganda.Hou Yi arashobora kwerekana ko abona imyanzuro y’ubucuruzi bw’Ubushinwa, kandi Li Songfeng ashobora kwerekana ubushobozi bw’inganda ziduka mu bihe bya nyuma y’icyorezo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-04-2024