01 Ifunguro ryateguwe mbere: Kuzamuka gutunguranye kwamamara
Vuba aha, ingingo yibyo kurya byateguwe byinjira mumashuri byiyongereye cyane, bituma iba ingingo ishyushye kurubuga rusange.Ibi byakuruye impaka nyinshi, ababyeyi benshi bibaza umutekano wibiryo byateguwe mbere mumashuri.Impungenge zivuka bitewe n’uko abana bato bari mu ntera ikomeye yo gukura, kandi ibibazo byose by’umutekano w’ibiribwa birashobora gutera impungenge cyane.
Kurundi ruhande, hari ibibazo bifatika tugomba gusuzuma.Amashuri menshi biragoye gukora cafeteriya neza kandi akenshi yohereza ibigo bitanga amafunguro.Ibigo bisanzwe bikoresha igikoni cyo hagati mugutegura no gutanga amafunguro kumunsi umwe.Ariko, kubera gutekereza nkigiciro, uburyohe buhoraho, n'umuvuduko wa serivisi, ibigo bimwe na bimwe bitanga amafunguro byatangiye gukoresha amafunguro yabanje gupakira.
Ababyeyi bumva uburenganzira bwabo bwo kumenya bwarenganijwe, kubera ko batari bazi ko abana babo barya ibiryo byateguwe mbere yigihe kinini.Cafeteriya ivuga ko nta kibazo cy'umutekano gihari mbere yo gupakira, none kuki bidashobora kuribwa?
Mu buryo butunguranye, amafunguro yabanje gupakira yongeye kwinjira mubaturage muri ubu buryo.
Mubyukuri, ibiryo byateguwe mbere byamamaye kuva umwaka ushize.Mu ntangiriro za 2022, ibyokurya byinshi byateguwe mbere yububiko byabonye ibiciro byabo bikabije.Nubwo habaye gusubira inyuma gato, igipimo cyamafunguro yabanje gupakirwa haba murwego rwo kurya no kugurisha cyagutse kuburyo bugaragara.Mu gihe icyorezo cy’icyorezo, ibigega by’ibiryo byapakiwe mbere byatangiye kongera kwiyongera muri Werurwe 2022. Ku ya 18 Mata 2022, amasosiyete nka Fucheng Shares, Delisi, imigabane ya Xiantan, na Zhongbai Group yabonye ibiciro by’imigabane byagabanutse, mu gihe Fuling Zhacai na Ikirwa cya Zhangzi cyabonye inyungu zirenga 7% na 6%.
Amafunguro yabanje gupakira yita ku "bukungu bw'ubunebwe," "kuguma mu rugo," n "ubukungu bumwe."Aya mafunguro akorwa cyane cyane mubikomoka ku buhinzi, ubworozi, inkoko, n’ibiryo byo mu nyanja, kandi bigatera intambwe zitandukanye zo gutunganya nko gukaraba, gukata, no gushiramo ibirungo mbere yo kwitegura guteka cyangwa kurya mu buryo butaziguye.
Ukurikije uburyo bworoshye bwo gutunganya cyangwa korohereza abaguzi, amafunguro yabanje gupakira arashobora gushyirwa mubyokurya byiteguye kurya, ibiryo byiteguye gushyuha, ibiryo byiteguye guteka, nibiryo byiteguye-gutegura.Ibiryo bisanzwe byiteguye kurya birimo umunani-Treasure Congee, inyama zinka, hamwe nibicuruzwa bishobora kuribwa neza mubipaki.Ibiryo byiteguye-gushyushya birimo ibibyimba bikonje hamwe no kwishyushya inkono zishyushye.Ibiryo byiteguye-guteka, nka firigo ikonjesha ningurube zingurube, bisaba guteka.Ibiryo byiteguye-gutegura ibiryo birimo ibikoresho bikata biboneka kurubuga nka Hema Fresh na Dingdong Maicai.
Aya mafunguro yabanje gupakirwa aroroshye, agabanijwe neza, kandi mubisanzwe azwi mubantu "b'abanebwe" cyangwa demokarasi imwe.Mu 2021, Ubushinwa isoko ry’ifunguro ryateguwe mbere ryageze kuri miliyari 345.9 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda, kandi mu myaka itanu iri imbere, biteganijwe ko rishobora kugera kuri tiriyari y'amafaranga y'isoko.
Usibye kugurisha ibicuruzwa, urwego rwo kuriramo narwo "rutonesha" amafunguro yabanje gupakira, bingana na 80% byikoreshwa ryisoko.Ni ukubera ko amafunguro yabanje gupakirwa, gutunganyirizwa mu gikoni cyo hagati no kugezwa ku maduka y’urunigi, bitanga igisubizo ku kibazo kimaze igihe kinini mu bipimo by’ubushinwa.Kubera ko biva kumurongo umwe wo gukora, uburyohe burahoraho.
Mbere, iminyururu ya resitora yarwanaga nuburyohe budahuye, akenshi biterwa nubuhanga bwabatetsi kugiti cyabo.Noneho, hamwe nifunguro ryateguwe mbere, flavours zisanzwe, kugabanya ingaruka za chef no kubahindura abakozi basanzwe.
Ibyiza byamafunguro yabanje gupakira biragaragara, biganisha kuri resitora nini yumunyururu kuyakira vuba.Iminyururu nka Xibei, Meizhou Dongpo, na Haidilao byose byinjije amafunguro yabanje gupakira mubitambo byabo.
Hamwe no kwiyongera kugura amatsinda hamwe nisoko ryo gufata, amafunguro menshi yabanje gupakira yinjira muruganda, amaherezo agera kubaguzi.
Muncamake, amafunguro yabanje gupakira yerekanye ko byoroshye kandi binini.Mugihe inganda zokurya zikomeje gutera imbere, amafunguro yabanje gupakira akora nkigiciro cyiza, kibungabunga ubuziranenge.
02 Ifunguro ryateguwe mbere: Biracyari inyanja yubururu
Ugereranije n'Ubuyapani, aho amafunguro yabanje gupakira angana na 60% y'ibiribwa byose, igipimo cy'Ubushinwa kiri munsi ya 10%.Mu 2021, Ubushinwa umuturage akoresha amafunguro yabanje gupakira yari kg 8.9 / umwaka, munsi ya 40% y’Ubuyapani.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko mu mwaka wa 2020, amasosiyete icumi ya mbere mu Bushinwa yateguye ibiryo byateguwe mbere y’isoko 14.23% gusa ku isoko, aho amasosiyete akomeye nka Lvjin Food, Anjoy Foods, na Weizhixiang afite imigabane ku isoko rya 2,4%, 1.9%, na 1.8 %.Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, Ubuyapani bwateguye ibiryo byapakiye byageze ku isoko rya 64.04% ku masosiyete atanu ya mbere muri 2020.
Ugereranije n'Ubuyapani, Ubushinwa bwateguye ibiryo byateguwe mbere buracyari mu ntangiriro, kubera inzitizi nke zo kwinjira no kwibanda ku isoko rito.
Nuburyo bushya bwo gukoresha mu myaka yashize, biteganijwe ko isoko ryibiryo ryimbere mu gihugu riteganijwe kugera kuri tiriyari imwe.Inganda nkeya hamwe nimbogamizi zamasoko bikurura inganda nyinshi kwinjira mumirima yabanje gupakira.
Kuva mu mwaka wa 2012 kugeza 2020, umubare w’amasosiyete ajyanye n’ifunguro ryateguwe mbere mu Bushinwa wavuye ku munsi uri munsi ya 3.000 ugera ku 13.000, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka buri mwaka hafi 21%.Kugeza mu mpera za Mutarama 2022, umubare w’amasosiyete y’ibiribwa yabanje gupakira mu Bushinwa wari umaze kugera ku 70.000, ibyo bikaba byerekana ko mu myaka yashize byagutse vuba.
Kugeza ubu, hari ubwoko butanu bwingenzi bwabakinnyi murugo rwateguwe mbere.
Ubwa mbere, ibigo byubuhinzi n’ubuhinzi bw’amafi, bihuza ibikoresho fatizo byo hejuru byamafunguro yabanje gupakira.Ingero zirimo ibigo byashyizwe ku rutonde nka Shengnong Development, Guolian Aquatic, na Longda ibiryo.
Ibiryo byamasosiyete yabanje gupakira birimo ibikomoka ku nkoko, ibikomoka ku nyama zitunganijwe, umuceri n’ibicuruzwa bya noode, n’ibicuruzwa bitetse.Ibigo nka Shengnong Development, ibiryo bya Chunxue, na Guolian Aquatic ntabwo biteza imbere isoko ryibiryo byimbere mu gihugu gusa ahubwo binyohereza hanze.
Ubwoko bwa kabiri bukubiyemo amasosiyete yihariye yabanjirije gupakira yibanda ku musaruro, nka Weizhixiang na Gaishi Foods.Amafunguro yabo yabanje gupakira ahereye kuri algae, ibihumyo, n'imboga zo mu gasozi kugeza ku bicuruzwa byo mu mazi n'inkoko.
Ubwoko bwa gatatu bugizwe n’amasosiyete y’ibiribwa gakondo akonje yinjira mu murima wateguwe mbere, nk'igikoni cyo hagati cya Qianwei, ibiryo bya Anjoy, n'ibiribwa bya Huifa.Mu buryo nk'ubwo, amasosiyete amwe n'amwe yita ku mafunguro yagiye mu mafunguro yabanje gupakira, nka Tongqinglou na Restaurant ya Guangzhou, atanga ibyokurya byasinywe nk'ifunguro ryateguwe mbere yo kongera amafaranga no kugabanya ibiciro.
Ubwoko bwa kane burimo ibigo bishya bicuruza nka Hema Fresh, Dingdong Maicai, MissFresh, Meituan Maicai, na Supermarket ya Yonghui.Izi sosiyete zihuza byimazeyo n’abaguzi, zihura n’abakiriya bakeneye inzira nini zo kugurisha no kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa, akenshi zikoresha ibikorwa byamamaza.
Inganda zose zateguwe mbere zipakirwa zihuza urwego rwubuhinzi rwo hejuru, rukubiyemo guhinga imboga, ubworozi n’ubuhinzi bwo mu mazi, inganda n’amavuta, hamwe n’ibihe.Binyuze mu bicuruzwa byabugenewe byabanjirije gupakira, abakora ibiryo bikonje, hamwe n’amasosiyete atanga amasoko, ibicuruzwa bitwarwa hifashishijwe ibikoresho bikonje kandi bikabikwa kugeza kugurisha hasi.
Ugereranije n’ibicuruzwa gakondo by’ubuhinzi, amafunguro yabanje gupakira afite agaciro kiyongereye kubera intambwe nyinshi zo gutunganya, guteza imbere ubuhinzi bwaho n’umusaruro usanzwe.Bashyigikira kandi gutunganya cyane ibikomoka ku buhinzi, bigira uruhare mu kuzamura icyaro no guteza imbere ubukungu.
03 Intara nyinshi zirahatanira isoko ryibiryo byateguwe mbere
Ariko, kubera inzitizi nke zinjira, ubwiza bwamasosiyete yabanje gupakira ibiryo buratandukanye, biganisha kubibazo byubuziranenge nibiribwa.
Urebye imiterere y'ibiryo byateguwe mbere, niba abaguzi basanze uburyohe budashimishije cyangwa bahuye nibibazo, inzira yo kugaruka hamwe nibihombo bishobora kuba bidasobanuwe neza.
Niyo mpamvu, uru rwego rugomba kwitabwaho na guverinoma yigihugu nintara kugirango hashyizweho andi mabwiriza.
Muri Mata 2022, iyobowe na Minisiteri y’ubuhinzi n’ibikorwa by’icyaro hamwe n’ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry’ibiribwa mu Bushinwa, Ihuriro ry’inganda z’ibiryo by’Ubushinwa ryashinzwe nk’umuryango wa mbere w’igihugu ushinzwe kugenzura imibereho myiza y’abaturage mu nganda z’ibiryo byateguwe mbere. .Ubu bufatanye, buterwa inkunga n’inzego z’ibanze, ibigo by’ubushakashatsi, n’imiryango y’ubushakashatsi mu bukungu, bugamije kurushaho guteza imbere amahame y’inganda no guteza imbere ubuzima bwiza kandi bufite gahunda.
Intara nazo zirimo kwitegura amarushanwa akaze mu nganda zateguwe mbere.
Guangdong igaragara nkintara iyoboye urwego rwibiryo byateguwe mbere.Urebye inkunga ya politiki, umubare w’amasosiyete y’ibiribwa yabanje gupakirwa, parike y’inganda, n’urwego rw’ubukungu n’ibikoreshwa, Guangdong iri ku isonga.
Kuva mu mwaka wa 2020, guverinoma ya Guangdong yafashe iya mbere mu gushyiraho gahunda, gushyira mu bikorwa, no gutegura iterambere ry’inganda z’ibiribwa zabanje gupakirwa ku rwego rw’intara.Mu 2021, nyuma y’ishyirwaho ry’inganda zateguwe mbere y’inganda n’iterambere ry’iterambere rya Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (Gaoyao) Pariki y’inganda zateguwe mbere, Guangdong yagize ikibazo cyo guteza imbere ifunguro ryateguwe mbere.
Muri Werurwe 2022, “Gahunda y’Imirimo ya Leta yo mu Ntara 2022 Gahunda y'ingenzi ishinzwe gahunda” ikubiyemo iterambere ry'amafunguro yabanje gupakira, kandi ibiro bya Guverinoma by'Intara byasohoye “Ingamba icumi zo kwihutisha iterambere ryiza ry’inganda z’ibiryo byateguwe mbere ya Guangdong.”Iyi nyandiko yatanze inkunga ya politiki mubice nkubushakashatsi niterambere, umutekano wubuziranenge, iterambere ryinganda zinganda, guhinga imishinga ntangarugero, guhugura impano, kubaka ibikoresho bikonje, kubaka ibicuruzwa, no kumenyekanisha mpuzamahanga.
Kugirango ibigo bifate isoko, inkunga yinzego zibanze, kubaka ibicuruzwa, imiyoboro yamamaza, cyane cyane kubaka ibikoresho bikonje birakenewe.
Inkunga ya politiki ya Guangdong nimbaraga zo guteza imbere imishinga ni byinshi.Gukurikira Guangdong,
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-04-2024